, , , . , , "" . , . :
, .
.
- , , , . "" "carriere", - "camera" - "".
. , .
:
,
.
.
. .
() (. 8.1). ( ), ( ). . , , .
:
[Conger 1994] .
,
.
[ 2000].
[- 2000].
. , , , - . , . - . , . , , "". . , , , .
, , . [ 2000].
, .
.
:
, , . , , , , . , , . . , - " ".
- , . [ 1999]:
, .
, ( - ) . ( ) . , . , , . ( , ).
.
www.microsoft.com.
, - . - .
() - . , . . - , .
. (http://www.design-studios.ru/work/).
. .
, . , .
.
: 196240, , -,
, . 111, . 111
: sofia_kovalevskava@spb.ru
:
(812) 999-1111 ()
(812) 999-2222 ()
(812) 999-3333 ()
"++".
- .
:
. 15 , , , .
: , , . 12 .
1983 - 1988
- , -- , . . - , - .
1998 - .
1993 - 1998
1988 - 1992
: Intel, SPARC.
: Windows (9x, 2000), Unix (Sun Solaris 2.*). : , C++, Java, Pascal, Prolog, Ada, Perl. : Oracle, MS Access, Sybase. : CGI, HTML, XML, JavaScript.
.
.
, , FIDO.
, - .
.
, :
, , .
, . ; , . , , . , (, ), .
, . .
, ; . :
, , ,
.
, . , (http://www.joelonsoftware.com/stories/). .
.
, .
.
- . , ( Excel) . , .
? . , , " ?".
, :
,
5 . 12 ,
?
. . ""
. :
3-4 , . "" . . , . . .
, . , 10 ( [Clifton 1995]).
1. :
...
i = 0;
j = 0;
for (j
= 1; j < 10; j++) {
i = i +
1;
}
...
i , ?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 9
(E) 10
2. , , ( ), . :
(A) .
(B) .
(C) , .
(D) , . () .
3. , . , ?
(A) .
(B) - , - .
(C) .
(D) .
() .
4. , :
...
type
List = ^Node;
Node = record
Data : integer;
Next : List
end;
var
p, q, Head : List;
Key : integer;
...
p : = Head;
if p <> nil then
while ^.Data
< Key do
p
:= p^.Next;
New (q);
q^.Data := Key;
q^.Next := p^.Next;
p^.Next := q;
...
, , Key ?
(A) .
(B) .
(C) .
(D) .
() .
5. - :
(A) .
(B) .
(C) .
(D) .
() .
6. :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
(A) 1
(B) 2 3
(C) 3
(D) 1 4
() 3 4
7. - :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
(A) 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 -
(B) 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 -
(C) 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 -
(D) 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 -
() 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 -
8. BNF. - <s>, <t> <w>. @, !, # . - <s>
<s> ::= <s> @ <t> |<t>
<t> ::= <w> ! <t> | <w>
<w> ::= # w | a
@, ! # .
(. . , ), . :
(A) @, !, ##.
(B) , , , @, !, #, ##.
(C) , @, !, ##.
(D) a, a@a, a!a, #a, ##.
() , @, @@, !, !!, #, ##.
9. 8 , @ ! ( ) ?
(A) @ ! -
(B) @ ! -
(C) @ , !
(D) @ , !
() ,
10. 8 :
(A) @ # !
(B) ! # @
(C) @ ! #
(D) ! @ #
() # !
.
: , , ,
.
. , , . , . , ( ). , .
, C++ [ISO/IEC 14882:1998]:
"Ranking implicit conversion sequences.
Standard conversion sequences are ordered by their ranks: an Exact Match is a better conversion than a Promotion, which is a better conversion than a Conversion. Two conversion sequences with the same rank are indistinguishable unless one of the following rules applies:
[Example:
struct A {};
struct : public A {};
struct : public {};
*;
int f (A *);
int f (B *);
int i = f(pc); // Calls f(B *)
]
Note: compared conversion sequences will have different source types only in the context of comparing the second standard conversion sequence of an initialisation by user-defined conversion; in all other contexts, the source types will be the same and the target types will be different".
"Two Corporate Lessons".
. . .
, sed awk. sed awk man .
tests_all - tests_wrong. , tests_all, , tests_wrong. 8.1.
8.1.
% cat tests_all
./tests/Exec4015320 Ver5.3 Intel
./tests/Exec4046953 VerS.l Intel
./tests/Exec4286851 Ver5.3 Intel Solaris
./tests/Exec4292089 Ver5.3 Intel
./tests/Exec4307633 Ver5.3 Intel Solaris
./tests/Exec4240772 Ver2.1 Intel
./tests/Exec4324693 Ver5.3 Intel
% cat tests_wrong
Exec4015320 has failed due to timeout
Exec4307633 bad, bad, very bad
Exec4324693 quite good, but lacks some info
% cat tests_result
./tests/Exec4015320 Ver5.3 Intel
./tests/Exec4307633 Ver5.3 Intel Solaris
./tests/Exec4324693 Ver5.3 Intel
. , - 8.2 :
1. "prog."?
2. "prog."?
3. "GET_LONG" "PLACE_LONG" - ?
8.2.
% cat prog.h
#define PLACE_LONG(place, val)\
do { ((char *)place) [0] = (char) (val) ;\
((char *)place)[1] = (char)((val) >> 8);\
((char *) place) [2] = (char) ( (val) >> 16) ;\
((char *)place)[3] = (char)((val) >> 24);\
((char *)place)[4] = (char)((val) >> 32);\
"char *)place)[5] = (char)((val) >> 40);\
((char *)place)[6] = (char)((val) >> 48);\
((char *)place)[7] = (char)((val) >> 56); } while (0)
#define GET_LONG(place)\
(long long)(\
((unsigned char *)place)[0] l\
(((unsigned char *)place) [1]<<8) |\
(((unsigned char *)place)[2]<<16)|\
(((unsigned char *)place) [3]<<24) |\
(((long long) ((unsigned char *)place) [4])<<32) |\
(((long long)((unsigned char *)place)[5])<<40)|\
(((long long)((unsigned char *)place)[6])<<48)|\
(((long long) ( (unsigned char *)place) [7] )<<56) )
struct list_head {
struct list_head *next, *prev;
);
% cat prog.
finclude
#include "header.h" int main() (
struct list_head
long long i = 1234567;
char placeholder[8];
PLACE_LONG(&placeholder, i) ;
i = GET_LONG(&placeholder);
printf("you've got: %ld\n", i);
return 0;
}
, ( ). " ".
, (, , ).
, , , :
, . , . .
, , , . , . , . .
. ( C++):
:
, .
. , , . , . , . .
, . .
. 8.1 , (http://www.osp.ru/cw/1998/47/73.htm). 10% .
8.1. ,
| 1 | 48.3% |
| 2 | 16.8% |
| 3 | 31.7% |
| 3.2% |
, , - ,
.
, , :
- . , , , , , .
:
8.2.
| 90% | |
| 58% | |
| 48% |
, , .
- (Meilir Page-Jones) , [Page-Jones 1990]. , . , , "". , .
, ,
0,6.
() - () . , . () . , [ 1999]:
, - .
. .
8.3.
|
|
41200$ |
|
| 59 500$ | ||
| 36 000$ | ||
| 52 900$ | ||
| 78 300$ | ||
| 90 540$ |
8.4.
| (1- ) | 37 000 - 45 000$ |
| (2- ) | 45 000 - 60 000$ |
| (3- ) | 60 000 - 75 000$ |
| (4- ) | 75 000 - 90 000$ |
| 90 000 - 120 000$ | |
| 120000-160000$ |
8.5. -
| 300-1100$ | |
| 900-2100$ | |
| 1900-3100$ |
8.6. ( )
| 37 600$ | ||
| 52 500$ | ||
| 33 900$ | ||
| 48 200$ | ||
| 72100$ | ||
| 81 600$ |
, . , :
,
:
, ,
, .
.
- . :
(, " Microsoft" [, 1997]), , , (, Sun Microsystems (http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/coinfo/history/html)). .
- . _ , .
, !
.
. , . , . 3.2.2.
( ) - ( ) . [ 1999]:
.
- . .
:
, (, , ). - . , . , .
,
.
.
, , , , , -. (http://progstone.nm.ru/) " " , - - , , . - , - . , , , . .
, , . . , , - . . , , . , . , , . - "" .
. . - . , , , . , , .
:
1. .
2. .
3. ...
, " " . , , . .
. (Carl G. Jung), - [ 1993].
, , - , . . , . : , , ( - , , , ). : , , .
, . :
: , , . ( ). , , .
.
(- )
, . , . . , . , . , , .
. . . , . , (, ).
, . . , , , . , . , .
. , . - . , .
, , . , .
, . . . , . . , . , - .
- - .
- - .
-
" ",
.
.
1. 2000 - . . . !: . - : - , 2000.
2. , 1997 - ., . Microsoft. - --: - "", 1997.
3. 1991 - . . - .: , 1991.
4. 1990- . . - .: , 1990.
5. 1999 - . . : . - .: - - , 1999.
6. 1992 - . . - : "", 1992.
7. 2000 - : / . . . . . - .: - - , 2000.
8. 2002 - . . . - .: -, 2002.
9. 1977 - . . . - .: , 1977.
10. 1999 - . . . - .: "- "-", 1999.
11. 1993 - . . . - : , 1993.
12. 1999- . . : . - .: - - , 1999.
13. , 1995- . ., . . . - : -, 1995.
14. 1999 - . . : . - .: - - , 1999.
15. Clifton 1995- Mitchell H. Clifton. Self-Assessment Procedure XXIII: Programming Languages. // Communication of the ACM. Vol. 38, No. 5. May 1995.
16. Conger 1994 - Conger, Sue A. The New Software Engenering. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.
17. ISO/IEC 14882:1998 - ISO/IEC 14882: 1998 Programming language C++. International standard.
18. Page-Jones 1990- Meilir Page-Jones. The Seven Stages in Software Engineering. // American Programmer, July-August 1990.
19. Salary 1996 - Salary Survey. How much is your job worth? // Future Outlook, 1996.
, -
, -
, .
. . " "
 | 10.11.2021 - 12:37: - Personalias -> WHO IS WHO - - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:36: - Conscience -> . ? - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:36: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> ... - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:35: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , - War, Politics and Science -> . - _. 10.11.2021 - 12:34: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> , - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:18: - New Technologies -> , 5G- - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:18: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:16: - Ecology -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:15: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _. 10.11.2021 - 09:13: , , - Upbringing, Inlightening, Education -> - _. |
|
|
 |