Allocate
Allocates a block of memory from the free store
result = Allocate( count )
count
If successful, the address of the start of the allocated memory is returned. Otherwise, if the requested block size could not be allocated, or if count < 0, then the null pointer (0) is returned.
Attempts to allocate, or reserve, count number of bytes from the free store (heap). The initial value of newly allocated memory is unspecified. The pointer that is returned is an Any Ptr and points to the start of the allocated memory. This pointer is guaranteed to be unique, even if count is zero.
Allocated memory must be deallocated, or returned back to the free store, with Deallocate when no longer needed.
Output is:
It is important to free allocated memory if it's not going to be used anymore. Unused memory that isn't freed is simply wasting memory, and if the address of that memory is somehow overwritten or forgotten, that memory can never be freed. This condition is known as a memory leak, and should be avoided at all costs. Note that leaked memory is always completely freed when the application terminates, either by an "ordinary" exit or crash, so the leak "persists" only as long as the application runs, nevertheless it's a good habit to free any allocated memory inside your application. The following example demonstrates a function with a memory leak, where the address of allocated memory is lost and isn't and can't be freed anymore. If such a function is called frequently, the total amount of memory wasted can add up quickly.
Syntax
Usage
result = Allocate( count )
Parameters
count
The size, in bytes, of the block of memory to allocate.
Return Value
If successful, the address of the start of the allocated memory is returned. Otherwise, if the requested block size could not be allocated, or if count < 0, then the null pointer (0) is returned.
Description
Attempts to allocate, or reserve, count number of bytes from the free store (heap). The initial value of newly allocated memory is unspecified. The pointer that is returned is an Any Ptr and points to the start of the allocated memory. This pointer is guaranteed to be unique, even if count is zero.
Allocated memory must be deallocated, or returned back to the free store, with Deallocate when no longer needed.
Example
'' This program uses the ALLOCATE(...) function to create a buffer of 15 integers that is
'' then filled with the first 15 numbers of the Fibonacci Sequence, then output to the
'' screen. Note the call to DEALLOCATE(...) at the end of the program.
Const integerCount As Integer = 15
'' Try allocating memory for a number of integers.
''
Dim buffer As Integer Ptr
buffer = Allocate(integerCount * SizeOf(Integer))
If (0 = buffer) Then
Print "Error: unable to allocate memory, quitting."
End -1
End If
'' Prime and fill the memory with the fibonacci sequence.
''
buffer[0] = 0
buffer[1] = 1
For i As Integer = 2 To integerCount - 1
buffer[i] = buffer[i - 1] + buffer[i - 2]
Next
'' Display the sequence.
''
For i As Integer = 0 To integerCount - 1
Print buffer[i] ;
Next
Deallocate(buffer)
End 0
'' then filled with the first 15 numbers of the Fibonacci Sequence, then output to the
'' screen. Note the call to DEALLOCATE(...) at the end of the program.
Const integerCount As Integer = 15
'' Try allocating memory for a number of integers.
''
Dim buffer As Integer Ptr
buffer = Allocate(integerCount * SizeOf(Integer))
If (0 = buffer) Then
Print "Error: unable to allocate memory, quitting."
End -1
End If
'' Prime and fill the memory with the fibonacci sequence.
''
buffer[0] = 0
buffer[1] = 1
For i As Integer = 2 To integerCount - 1
buffer[i] = buffer[i - 1] + buffer[i - 2]
Next
'' Display the sequence.
''
For i As Integer = 0 To integerCount - 1
Print buffer[i] ;
Next
Deallocate(buffer)
End 0
Output is:
| 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 |
It is important to free allocated memory if it's not going to be used anymore. Unused memory that isn't freed is simply wasting memory, and if the address of that memory is somehow overwritten or forgotten, that memory can never be freed. This condition is known as a memory leak, and should be avoided at all costs. Note that leaked memory is always completely freed when the application terminates, either by an "ordinary" exit or crash, so the leak "persists" only as long as the application runs, nevertheless it's a good habit to free any allocated memory inside your application. The following example demonstrates a function with a memory leak, where the address of allocated memory is lost and isn't and can't be freed anymore. If such a function is called frequently, the total amount of memory wasted can add up quickly.
'' Bad example of Allocate usage, causing memory leaks
Sub BadAllocateExample()
Dim p As Byte Ptr
p = Allocate(420) '' assign pointer to new memory
p = Allocate(420) '' reassign same pointer to different memory,
'' old address is lost and that memory is leaked
Deallocate(p)
End Sub
'' Main
BadAllocateExample() '' Creates a memory leak
Print "Memory leak!"
BadAllocateExample() '' ... and another
Print "Memory leak!"
End
Sub BadAllocateExample()
Dim p As Byte Ptr
p = Allocate(420) '' assign pointer to new memory
p = Allocate(420) '' reassign same pointer to different memory,
'' old address is lost and that memory is leaked
Deallocate(p)
End Sub
'' Main
BadAllocateExample() '' Creates a memory leak
Print "Memory leak!"
BadAllocateExample() '' ... and another
Print "Memory leak!"
End
Platform Differences
- This procedure is not guaranteed to be thread-safe.
Dialect Differences
- Not available in the -lang qb dialect unless referenced with the alias __Allocate
Differences from QB
- New to FreeBASIC
See also
