(1), , , ,
(1)
w
(t) M(t) . M(w ) M(w ), (1).)
M = const, M = const,
M = const, M = const.
) )
. 2. () () = const
Mc = const(. 1) w
, = (. 2) ( ) t = 0 , . 2, .(1) - :
-
t = 0, w = w :w
= .:
(2)
w
< w < w , w = w w () . =1.. 2,.
t , (2) w = w t: 
(3)
, , , (1)
dt : 
, .
) )
. 3.
()w (t)
M(t)
.
t, ( . 3,). ( . 3,), .
) = const, M w , b < 0.
, . 4.
. 4. w
(t) M(t) w ()
(4)
(5)
- ; 
.
(5) (1), :
, (4), w . , :
(6)
(1) 
, (4):
, ,
(7)
, , ,
, (8)
.
(9)
.
. 5.
, . 5. (3)
, , . , , w
= w 0 . (9). . , (. . 3.2) 
(9),
(8) , , .
(8), ,
x = x
c + = pt + ,p -
1 +
p = 0,
t = 0, x = x
,
= -
., :
(10)
(. . 4).
.
1. ,
.2.
t = 0,632 .3. t = 3 0,95 . , t = 3.
(10) , .
1. 1 2
, (. 6).
.6.
:
w
:w
= w 1, w = w 2;= 1, = 2
(10)
(. 6).
2. ; - .
(. 7,) - . .. 3.2, 3.4. , . ( w
3, w 1) ( w 4), , w () w () .
) )
. 7.
() ():
I - 0< w < w 3
( );II - w 3 < w < w 1
( );III - w 1 > w > w 4
( );IV - w 4 < w < 0
( ).(10), (w ) - ; IV , = 0 = const, , . ), .. (2).
, (10) (2), ,
t = 0, , . , , ; , ., (10) (2), .
w () - . , , , , , . w () - w = const. w (), .
w (10) w () w (), , . , (10) (8) . (9).
. 1 ( ).
1
|
w |
w |
|
|
|
||
|
I |
0 |
w 2 |
1 |
|
|
(10) |
|
II |
w 3 |
w 1 |
1 |
|
|
(10) |
|
III |
w 1 |
-w 5 |
- 3 |
|
|
(10) |
|
IV |
w 4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
(2) w =0, - |
. 1 - . 7,.
3
. , U = const, .
) )
. 8.
() ()
, , w () (. 8,); .
,
. , , , , (10), : 
. 8, .
, w = 0, : I w 1 w = 0 II w = 0 w = - w 2. I . , , , . , .
II , , . :
. 8, . t , , ,
.i(t),
)
= const, M - w , b > 0b
< 0 w , , w , , . , b > 0, (. . 1.3) - . 9,.
) )
. 9. ()
() b
> 0
(1)
(11)
- ;
- , (. . 9,).
(8) , , .
(11), ; , (8):
t = 0, x = x,
= ( - )
(12)
w
(t) (t), (12), . 9,.) -
w ... ) ) ,
- .. , , . 10, .
) )
. 10.
() ()(w )
(w )-
= - . , (w ) (w ) - . 10,. , , w (t) (t). w = 0, w = w , = 1, = 0,
; . 10, . , (t) (t), (. 10,) . . 10, .
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