Java             3GL - .   4GL -     DB-

JAVA

Java

- Java . , - . , Java main. Java, . , , , class, .

class Point {

}

 

Java . , .

 

2, . , . Java- . . , . .

 

class _ extends _ { type 1_:

type 2_:

type N_:

type 1(_) { ;

}

type 2(_) { ;

}

type (_) { ;

}

}

 

extends , _ _. Java Object. , extends . Point, .

 

(instance variables)

, . , . , , main. , Point int.

class Point { int , ;

}

, 4, . main, .

 

new

new . Point.

Point = new Point();

. Point . .

 

class TwoPoints {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p1 = new Point();

Point p2 = new Point();

p1.x = 10;

p1.y = 20;

2. = 42;

2. = 99;

System.out.println("x = " + p1.x + " = " + p1.y);

System.out.println("x =  " + 2. + " = " + 2.);

} }

 

Point, , . , . , .

:\> Java TwoPoints

= 10 = 20

= 42 = 99

 

Point, TwoPoints, main Point . Point main , , .

 

class Point { int , ;

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p = new Point();

. = 10;

p. = 20;

System.out.println("x =  " + . + " = " + p.y);

} }

 

- , . , . . :

_ ( ) {

:

}

, , void - , . - -, . , .

class Point { int , ;

void init(int a, int b) {

= ;

= b;

} }

 

Java   . Java , , , . , , , . 12 , ( -).

 

Java . , , . init, , this.

class Point { int , ;

void init(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. = } }

class TwoPointsInit {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p1 = new Point();

Point p2 = new Point();

p1.init(10,20);

p2.init(42,99);

System.out.println("x = " + p1.x + " = + p-l.y);

System.out.printlnC'x = " + p2.x + " = + p2.y);

} }

 

, , , init. Java , . , . , (, C++). - , void. init .

 

class Point { int , ;

Point(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. = ;

} }

class PointCreate {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p = new Point(10,20);

System.out.println("x = " + p.x + " = " + p.);

} }

 

Pascal (Delphi) constructor.

 

Java , . (method overloading). Point, , (-1).

 

class Point { int , ;

Point(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. = ;

}

Point() {

= -1;

= -1;

} }

class PointCreateAlt {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p = new Point();

System.out.println("x = " + p.x + " = " + p.y);

} }

 

Point , , . :

:\> java PointCreateAlt

= -1 = -1

 

, , , new. . .

 

this

Point , ,       this , .

class Point { int , ;

Point(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. = ;

}

Point() {

this(-1, -1);

} }

.

 

, , . Point distance. distance . , - Point.

 

class Point { int , ;

Point(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. y = y;

}

double distance(int , int ) {

int dx = this.x - ;

int dy = this. - ;

return Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);

}

double distance(Point p) {

return distance(p.x, p.y);

} }

class PointDist {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point p1 = new Point(0, 0);

Point p2 = new Point(30, 40);

System.out.println("p1 = " + pi.x + ", " + p1.y);

System.out.println("p2 = " + p2.x + ", " + p2.y);

System.out.println("p1.distance(p2) = " + p1.distance(p2));

System.out.println("p1.distance(60, 80) = " + p1.distance(60, 80));

} }

 

distance . :

:\> java PointDist

1 = 0, 0

2 = 30, 40

1.distance(p2) = 50.0

p1.distance(60, 80) = 100.0

 

- ( ). -   , -. - . . , Point , z.

class Point3D extends Point { int z;

Point3D(int x, int y, int z) {

this.x = x;

this. = ;

this.z = z; }

Point3D() {

this(-1,-1,-1);

} }

 

extends , Point. , , Point3D Point.

 

, , C++, , . , . Java . , , Java , . 

 

super

Point3D , . , this . super ( Delphi / ++ inherited).

 

class Point3D extends Point { int z;

Point3D(int x, int , int z) {

super(x, y);     // this.z=z;

public static void main(String       args[]) {

Point3D p = new Point3D(10, 20, 30);

System.out.println( " x = " +  p.x + " y = " + p.y +

                    " z = " + p.z);

} }

 

:

:\> java Point3D

x = 10 = 20 z = 30

 

Point3D Point distance ( PointDist.java). , Point distance(mt , int ), . (override) , . (overloading), (overriding) distance.

 

class Point { int , ;

Point(int , int ) {

this.x = ;

this. = ;

}

double distance(int , int ) {

int dx = this.x - ;

int dy = this. - :

return Math,sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);

}

double distance(Point p) {

return distance(p., p.y);

}

}

class  Point3D extends Point { int z;

Point3D(int , int y, int z)   {

super(x, y);

this.z = z;

(

double distance(int , int y,  int z) {

int dx = this.x - ;

int dy = this.y - y;

int dz = this.z -  z;

return Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz);

}

double distance(Point3D other) {

return distance(other., other.y, other.z);

}

double distance(int , int y)  {

double dx = (this.x / z) - ;

double dy = (this. / z) - y;

return Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);

}

}

class Point3DDist {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Point3D p1 = new Point3D(30, 40, 10);

Point3D p2 = new Point3D(0, 0, 0);

Point p = new Point(4, 6);

System.out.println("p1 = " + p1.x +  ", " + p1.y + ", " + p1.z);

System.out.println("p2 = " + p2.x +  ", " + p2.y + ", " + p2.z);

System.out.println("p = " + p.x + ", " + p.y);

System.out.println("p1.distance(p2) = " + p1.distance(p2));

System.out.println("p1.distance(4, 6) = " + p1.distance(4, 6));

System.out.println("p1.distance(p) = " + p1.distance(p));

} }

 

:

:\> Java Point3DDist

p1 = 30, 40, 10

2 = 0, 0, 0 

= 4, 6

p1.distance(p2) = 50.9902

p1.distance(4, 6) = 2.23607

p1.distance(p) = 2.23607

 

. , (dynamic method dispatch).

 

, / , .                    

 

class A { void callme() {

System.out.println("Inside A's callrne method");

class extends A { void callme() {

System.out.println("Inside B's callme method");

} }

class Dispatch {

public static void main(String args[]) {

A a = new B();

a.callme();

} }

 

main , . callme. callme , , , , , callme . :

:\> Java Dispatch

Inside B's calime method

 

Delphi / C++ , Java ( virtual).

 

- , , .

 

final

. , - , final ( Delphi / C++ virtual).

final int FILE_NEW = 1;

final (.. C++). final- , (in-line) (- ).

 

finalize

Java finalize. finalize C++ ( ~) Delphi ( destructor). Java , .

 

static

, - . , main, , static. , this super. static, , . . , , .

 

class Static {

static int a = 3;

static int b;

static void method(int x) {

System.out.println("x = " + x);

System.out.println("a = " + a);

System.out.println("b = " + b);

}

static {

System.out.println("static block initialized");

b = a * 4;

}

public static void main(String args[]) {

method(42);

} }

 

.

:\> java Static static block initialized

= 42

= 3

B = 12

 

. .

 

class StaticClass {

static int a = 42;

static int b = 99;

static void callme() {

System.out.println("a = " + a);

} }

class StaticByName {

public static void main(String args[]) {

StaticClass.callme();

System.out.println("b = " + StaticClass.b);

} }

 

:

:\> Java StaticByName

= 42 b = 99

 

abstract

, , - , . abstract , . , abstract, , abstract. , new. , . , .

 

abstract class A {

abstract void callme();

void metoo() {

System.out.println("Inside A's metoo method");

} }

class B extends A {

void callme() {

System.out.println("Inside B's callme method");

} }

class Abstract {

public static void main(String args[]) {

A a = new B():

a.callme():

a.metoo():

} }

 

callme metoo , .

 

:\> Java Abstract

Inside B's callrne method Inside A's metoo method

 

, . (overloading) (overriding) . this super . Java , - . - , .

 

Java             3GL - .   4GL -     DB-


, , Class - - , , .




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