3GL   4GL   5GL   .

-

  1. Boids
  2. LBEST
  3. Inertia Weighted PSO
  4. Time-Varying Inertia Weighted PSO
  5. Canonical PSO
  6. Fully Informed Particle Swarm

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Boids

(Craig Reynolds) 1986 , Boids. , , . . -, . -, , . -, .

: , . , -- .
, . , Boids , - , [1].

1995 (James Kennedy) (Russel Eberhart) , [2]. , (Heppner) (Grenader) [4]. , - , , , .

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( , , ), . . , , - .

:

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v - (vi - i- ), a1, a2 - , pbest - , gbest - , x - , rnd() 0 1 .

v, x=x+v. , . .

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LBEST

1995 , "GBEST", (global best) , , "LBEST". LBEST :

,

lbest - . , , , .

, , . , , .

Inertia Weighted PSO

1998 (Yuhui Shi) , [5]. , . , .

, :

,

w, , . , w > 1, , . , , a1, a2.

Time-Varying Inertia Weighted PSO

1998 , , : [5]. 1999 , [6]. , .

, . , , , . .

Canonical PSO

2002 (Maurice Clerc) , , [7]. "" , .

, :

,

, :

.

.

Fully Informed Particle Swarm

2004 (Rui Mendes), (Jose Neves) , , , , , [8]. , - .

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N - , pbestk - k- . W(k) - , k- , : , , .

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  1. Craig Reynolds, "Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model" // Computer Graphics, 21(4), . 25-34, 1987 .
  2. J. Kennedy, R. C. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization" // In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, . 1942-1948, 1995 .
  3. R. C. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, "A new optimizer using particle swarm theory" // Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science MHS'95, . 39-43, 1995 .
  4. F. Heppner, U. Grenander, "A stochastic nonlinear model for coordinated bird flocks" // The Ubiquity of Chaos, . 233-238, 1990 .
  5. Y. Shi, R. Eberhart, "A modified particle swarm optimizer" // The 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Proceedings, . 69-73, 1998 .
  6. Y. Shi, R. Eberhart, "Empirical study of particle swarm optimization" // Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, . 1945-1950, 1999 .
  7. M. Clerc, J. Kennedy, "The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space" // IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6 (1), . 58-73, 2002 .
  8. R. Mendes, J. Kennedy, J. Neves, "The fully informed particle swarm: Simpler, maybe better" // IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 8 (3), . 204-210, 2004 .
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