.

r, L C (. 1 )).

i , u.

image134.gif.

(1)

i = Imsin(wt+yi). (1) :

image135.gif.

(2)

, (2) u . (1) .

image136.gif.

(3)

(3) . , . .

(3) . 1 ). U . rI I , .. r . jxLI I 90. j xLI , . -jxI 90 , .. -j .

Z = r+j(xL- xC) = r+jx = Ze jj (3), , . r , x = xL- xC - . (3) ,

image137.gif,

(4)

Z Z=U/I image138.gif. .

φ , φ = arctg(X/R). , . (4) , φ , - .

,

image141.gif.

(5)

u . 1 ) (5) -

.

(6)

(3)

Z=r+jxL- jxC=Zr+ZL+ZC

(7)

(. 1 )). , .. Z U I . -y i 1/I.


image145.gif.

(8)

Y . , , .

, - .

(R G) (X B) , .

image146.gif.

(9)

:


  1


φ . .

Z=R+jX. Z R X .

sac_1_20.gif

R=const, X=var. Z R=const (. 2). X = 0 Z , .. φ .

X(r) , Z p /2. , Z .

X(r) - , Z .

, - < X < + - p /2 < φ < + p /2.

sac_1_21.gif

R=var (. 3 )) (. 3 )) X , , +p /2 < φ <0 - p /2 < φ < 0.


  2


, , . . , . .

sac_1_22.gif

U I (. 4), Z Y . , , , Z - p /2 < φ < + p /2.

φ = - p /2, φ = + p /2 φ = 0. . 90 , . , . , . , 90 . , , , .

, , , . . 1.

1.

φ

Z

Z

j =p /2

Z=jw L=jXL

sac_1_23.gif

sac_3_3.gif

0 < φ < p /2

Z = R+jXL

sac_1_26.gif

sac_3_2.gif

-

j =0

Z = R

sac_1_25.gif

sac_3_5.gif

0 >φ >-p /2

Z = R- jXC

sac_1_27.gif

sac_3_6.gif

-

j = - p /2

Z = - j/(w C) = - jXC

sac_1_24.gif

sac_3_4.gif

. . ( ), , . φ, , .


3 


1 - - - . . , .

sac_3_12.gif

, , . , -, I2R U2/R, I U - , R - . . , . , . , .

,   (L C).

(9) . 5 )

image224.gif

(10)

. 5 ) -

(11)

(10) (11) , , .


, CMB ( ) ( ", , "?). , , "" , " ", "" . , , , , ... FAQ .




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